Understanding Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a condition where the capsule surrounding the shoulder becomes inflamed and tight, causing pain and a striking, progressive loss of movement. It classically passes through a painful 'freezing' phase, a stiff 'frozen' phase, and a 'thawing' phase.
It is more common in people with diabetes and thyroid conditions and often has no clear trigger. Reassuringly, most cases can be treated successfully without surgery, and treatment can significantly shorten what is otherwise a long natural course.
Symptoms to look for
Causes & risk factors
- Often no clear trigger (primary frozen shoulder)
- More common with diabetes and thyroid conditions
- Following a period of shoulder immobility or minor injury
How it's diagnosed
Clinical examination showing restricted movement in all directions.
X-ray to exclude arthritis and other causes of stiffness.
What happens if it's left untreated
- A long, painful course if left untreated (often 1–3 years)
- Significant impact on sleep, work and daily life
- Persistent stiffness in a minority of stubborn cases
How we treat it
What to expect
Frozen shoulder can last many months but responds well to treatment. A combination of a targeted injection and a guided stretching programme relieves pain and restores movement; only stubborn cases need arthroscopic release.
How to protect yourself
Frequently asked questions
It often improves over time, but this can take one to three years. Treatment relieves pain and speeds the return of movement considerably.