Understanding Knee Replacement
Total knee replacement resurfaces a knee worn out by arthritis with precision metal and plastic components, relieving the constant pain and stiffness that limit walking, stairs and sleep. It is one of the most successful and reliable operations in modern surgery.
The worn ends of the thigh and shin bones are accurately reshaped and capped, and the joint is carefully balanced so it moves smoothly and feels stable. With modern techniques and rehabilitation, most patients return to comfortable, active daily life.
Key benefits
- Durable, dependable relief of arthritis pain
- Restored walking, stairs and daily function
- Improved sleep and quality of life
When Knee Replacement is recommended
How the procedure is performed
Preparation
The worn ends of the thigh and shin bones are precisely measured and reshaped to fit the implant.
Implant placement
Durable metal and plastic components resurface the joint surfaces.
Balancing
The knee is balanced and its movement checked through a full range for a smooth, stable feel.
Closure & early mobilisation
The layers are closed and you are helped to stand and take first steps soon after surgery.
Preparation & prerequisites
- A detailed clinical assessment and review of your scans (X-ray / MRI) to confirm the diagnosis and plan the surgery precisely.
- Routine pre-operative blood tests, an ECG if needed, and a fitness-for-anaesthesia check by the anaesthetist.
- Stopping blood-thinning medication (such as aspirin or clopidogrel) only if advised, and disclosing every medicine and supplement you take.
- Fasting for around 6 hours before surgery, and arranging a responsible adult to drive you home and stay with you the first night.
- Preparing your home for recovery — ice packs, loose clothing, and a clear path free of trip hazards.
What recovery looks like
Days 1–3
You'll stand and walk with a frame or crutches within a day, starting gentle bending exercises.
Weeks 1–6
Physiotherapy steadily restores movement and strength; walking aids are gradually weaned.
Weeks 6–12
Most daily activities resume comfortably as swelling settles and confidence grows.
How to recover well
- Follow the RICE principle early — rest, ice 15–20 minutes several times a day, gentle compression and elevation to control swelling.
- Take pain relief as prescribed rather than waiting for pain to build, and keep the wound clean and dry.
- Attend every physiotherapy session and do your home exercises — rehabilitation is as important as the surgery itself.
- Progress activity gradually and don't return to sport until you're formally cleared, to protect the repair.
- Watch for warning signs — spreading redness, fever, calf pain or increasing swelling — and call us if they appear.
Risks, safety & outcomes
In experienced hands this is a very safe procedure, and serious problems are uncommon. Every step is taken to minimise risk — but being fully informed is part of good care. Possible risks include:
- Infection or wound healing problems (uncommon)
- Blood clot in the leg — reduced by early movement and precautions
- Stiffness needing extra rehabilitation, or ongoing awareness of the joint
- Implant wear or loosening over many years
Results & outlook
Knee replacement provides reliable, long-lasting pain relief and restored function, with modern implants commonly lasting 15–20 years or more. The overwhelming majority of patients are very satisfied with the result.
Frequently asked questions
Modern knee replacements last 15–20 years or more in the majority of patients, depending on activity and individual factors.